Method of raising or forcing liquids.



H. A. HUMPH'REY.

METHOD OP RAISING OR PORGING LIQUIDS.

APPLIGATIDN FILED JUNE 13, 1908. I

Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

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H. A. HUMPHREY.

METHOD OP RAISING OR FORGING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, 190B.

Patented Feb. 3, 19,14.

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H. A. HUMPHREY. METHOD 0F RAISING 0R FORGING LIQUIDS.

APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 1s. 190B.

Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

H. A. HUMPHRBY.

METHOD OP RAISING 0R FORGING LIQUIDS.

APPLIUA'HON FILED JUNE 1s. 190e.

Patented Feb. 3, 1914,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTUH mi I Bmwf Y V I' I Z1 l N Q se l. i A' n. A. Hummm, METHOD 0F BAISING 0B FOBUIIG LIQUIDS. APPLIOATIOI FILED )UIB 13,4908.

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INVENTOR ATTORNEY msnm* ALFRED inmfrmnnr, or Wns'rMmsrE-n, LoNDomnNGLAND, nssreivon HUMPHREYAGAS PUMP COMPANY, A CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

METHD OF RAISING 0Ry FORCING LIQUIDS.

l Application led J une v13, 1908. Serial No. 438,427.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented reale, 419,14.

To ell 101mm it may concern.'

Re it. known that I, HERBERT ALFRED `Hvnr1inrv,a subject 'of theKing of `Great Britain. residing at 38 Victoria street, TWestminster, in the county of London, England. consulting engineer, have invented certain neiv'iand useful Improvements in Methods of Raising or Forcing- Liquids, of which the following' a specification.

M v invention relates to improvements in the method of raising or forcing liquid by the Aexpansion an ignited combustible charac.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method whereby expansions take place in the required orderin a plurality.

of'expansion chambers to produce the outward movements or outstrokes of the liquid, the lustro-lies being' due to the pressure or headto which the liquid has moved during` the mitstroles. M v improved method uti- -lixes the momentum of the said movements in vthe introduction and compression of successive charges, the introduction of fresh liquid and the expulsion of burnt products.

Referring to the drawings which illustrate. merely b v vvay of example, suitable apparatus for eli'ecting; my invention, Fig'- urc 1 is Aa fragmentary section of thel combustion chamber end of the apparatus showingr the val-ves and valve gearing'. Fig. 2 is a .similar vieu' showing' a modified form of valve gearing. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of au electric switch. Fig'. i is a plan view ot' `same. Fig. 5 a diagrammatiif part plan view of a modilied form of apparatus in which the liquid supplyfpipe branches into tivo ducts which again joininto one discluirge pipe. Fig'. 6 is a sectional view of a further modification showingr an aux ilia-rv liquid supply valve. Fig. 7 is a sec- 'tional vieu' of the upper ends of two com bustion chambers and associated, :parts showing modified valve gears and electrical ignition means. Fign is a. vievv on an enlarged scale oi" the valves and valve gearing shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a vsectional vievv through the upper parts of tivo com? hustion .chambersl showingr relief valves con- 4necting' the same. Fig.` 10 is a sectional detial showing dash-pot control for' liquid valve 3Q. t l

Similar numerals referto similar :parts throughout thevsevera-l views.

In Fig. 1, which is one form of apparatus, I

Y 1 and l2 are the combustion chambers shown 'j to rod 27 the other end of which is pivoted Ato pavvl 16, and bell Ac ranli: 'attac-hed by pin 26 to rod lQ8 whichis'pivoted to pawl 15. Thus,.vvhen admissionvalve broken across and. much shortened vertically7 so as to permit the Working' parts to he draavn to a large scale.` The combustion chambers communicate at their lovver ypart with the Supply pipe 3 and the discharge pipe i. the latter being continued tol a piece othigher level or higher pressure. l Atjthe upper part of the combustion chainbera see also Fig. 8, are fitted `admission valves and-6 and exhaust valves 7 and 8,'andi'i't '.1 y 1s sometimes advisable to litytivol other j;

valves 9 and 10, thevpurpos'e of vvhichf'rwill bc explained later. The seatingsof valves T. 9 and 10 are shown projecting""some 70 distance into the upper part of the"i bustion chambers Wit-h'the robject"of-forming a space in the latter in which air-elastic cushion can be compressed vto prevent'shock from liquid which rises in ythe Achambers striking the topy of the chambers, yandlfor 1f other purposes presentlyexplained.- i

. The exhaust valves 7 and 8 in the present example open under the actionof their own Weight. and light springs;I 11'l and 12 y'scrive 30 to limit their motion. On the valvestems are collars 113 and 14, and on the valve plugs are mounted .paivls l5 and 16 turning about pivots 1T and 1S and capable of engaging; under the collars so as norma-llyfto alveep 35A the exhaust -valves closed. Tlieadmission;y f valves 5' and ,6, for combustible mixture. open against the action of light springsalt and 20 which close the valve when; the difference of pressure on the two sides-'of the 90 valve becomesy small enough. v Admission valve 7 carries on its stem a fixed collarl 21 and a piu 43. the former 'being constructed to engage with pawls 41 and leatcertain paris of the cycle; the pin engages witlrone end oil" bell crank 23. Similarly valve 6 has; .1 ou itsi stem a collar E22 capable of engaging with parvis 42 and 52. and also carries a pin ist which engages with one end ofbellcrank 24. Fiel-l crank Q3 is attached through pin 100 yopensl pin 43 ou its stemturns bellgolank 23, causing rod- 27 and pawl 16 tobemoy d toA the left, thereby disengaging thelattei from collar 14, leaving the exhaust valve 8 free to open. It'will be seen that the v14E- let valve of chamber 1 lreleases lthe exhaust 110 valve of chamber 2, and in a similar manl ner4 the inlet valve of chamber 2'controls the exhaust valve of chamber l.

- Rod 28 carries/a fixed collar 45, a. spring 46,'ad arloose collar/47, and rod 27 carries a .corresponding set of parts 48, 49 and 50. A. 53 connects awls 51 and 52 and is of such length that t epawls cannot be enga 'simultaneously with the collars 21 I im 22 respectively. Link 53 carries two pins-55 and' 56 capable otengaging with collars 47 and 50 respectively in such a way thatthe movements of rods 27 and 28- may 'be utilized to move the link 53 and pawls 51 about l.and-slot connection 37 with rod 38, the other end of which is pivoted ,at 39 -to pawl 42 and connection ,is carried to the pawl 41 by means o'f another rod 59 pivoted at 39 and .40. "The length of rod 59 is such that pawls 41 and 42 maybe simult-aneously engaged under `the collars 21 and 22. Thus, when liquidv supply valve 32 opens, rod 34 ,is downward and pawls 41 and 42 are .moved to the right leaving that admission valve `free to open which is not otherwise.`

kept' shut by one of the pawls att-ached to The action of' the apparat-us is as follows: Itis assumed that all the valves are in the osition shown, that a compressed combustile charge is in the upper portion of chamber 2, and that liquidV fills the whole of chamber 1 except for a small space in the thereof which contains a compressed .elastic cushion. Ignitionl now occurs in chamber 2, and for this purpose asparking plug 29,` is provided in a recess in the admissionjalve casting. Combustion starts in this recess and spreads past valve 10, so that `-thewhole combustible charge Vis'fired. The rise otpressuredr'lives the liquid in comhustion chamber 2 'downward and outward from the combustion chamber along thel dis-l chargel pipe 4. As the two chambers communicate the increased pressure of the liquid in chamber 2 is etransmitted to the liquid in chamber 1 and the elastic cushion in the top of chamber 1 is further compressed. `As the expansion in chamber 2 continues toward atmospheric pressure a moment arrives when the pressure of the liquid above and below valve 32 is the same, and further expansion causes lthis valve to open so that liquid from the supply tank 31 (Fig. 2) Hows into the apparatus to follow the liquid moving in the discharge pipe. The movement of valve 32 releases pawl 41 from unv der collar 21 on the stem of admission valve 5. At this time the level of liquid in chamber 2 is lower th:m the lifmid in chamber 1 and the pressure in `chamber 2 cannot sup-- port the liquid in chamber l, so that a downward l motion of` the liquid in chamber 1 v occurs, drawing in a fresh combustiblecharge through the inlet valve 5 and past valve 9`, the latter opening automatically under its own weight as soon as the presy -surev in chamber l is relieved.' Valve 5 is shut Aby spring 19 when the charge has been d rawn in. The discharge pipe beingv suiciently long to permita considerable portion of the energy of combustion to be transformed into kinetic energy of the outwardly movin column of liquid in the discharge pipe, t is column continues to movetoward the place of higher level or pressure for some time after the fessure in the combustion chamber has fallen to that lrepresented .by the head or pressure to which the liquid is raised, so that expansion may be carried to atmospheric pressure.

valve 5 opened to admit the fresh combustible charge into chamber 1 the exhaust valve in chamber 2 was released in a manner already described, consequently when the pressure of expansion is low enou h in chamber 2 valve 8 opens and some of?, the-liquid from the supply tank is free to rise in chamber 2 and expel burnt products through the exhaust valve 8. The cycle has now arrived at the point where in'ehamber 1 there is n fresh combustible charge, thein'it valve 5 and the exhaust valve 7 are shut,'and the valve 9 is open. In chamber 2 there are sonie products of combustion in the upper portion of the chamber, liquid in the lower portion of the chamber, the inlet valve 6 is shut, but the exhaust/valve valve 5 closed) and 4valve 10 are open. The outward flow of liquid in the discharge pipe having ceased,an inwardly moving columnA of liquid commences to flow under the action of its head or pressure. Liquidinlet valve 32 shuts automatically, and the infiowing liquid tends to rise in both chambers but as there is a free outlet for the burnt gases from the top of chamber 2 while there is no outlet for the combustible charge in chamber 1', the returning liquid rises at first only slowly in chamber 1 and more quickly in chamber 2.

Willen the rising liquid strikes valve 10 and exhaust valve 8, it shuts these valves. Exhaust valve 8 is locked by means of pawl 16 which is pulled into position to engage under collar 14 by spring 58 and valve 10 is held up by the pressure of the rising liquid which compresses the elastic cushion, in this case consisting of a portion of the burnt products inclosed in the ftop ofthe chamber. This elastic cushion will expand again to some extent and the pressure will fall somewhat, but neitherI valve 6 nor valve 8 will open7 because the former has been locked by pawl 42 which returned to the- 8 (which opened before When admission lll s 'the' liquidi now rises-further in: Chambord, compressing thecombujstible chargetherein memset position shown when valve- 32` closed, and

valve`x 8 isloeked" by" pa'Wl' 16. The dow of liquidi intol chamber 21m-ving' been checked,

u ntif the 'kinetic energy of the column of liquid@ is expended and the' liquid brought toJ rest, lia-ving stored energy in; the com-v pressedgcombustible. charge and' the compressed elastic' cushion. vAs the volume' of the compressed combustible charge is such #haiti-the level of liquid in chamber 1 does "not reach vallve- 9, this valve remains open anfdfl ignition nowoccursby means foi'l a l spanking' plugr30, 'and thel 'cycle described commences at-reslrwiththe difference that this' time the functions of the respective chambers are reversed:

Wl'en valve 5 is opened its pin'43 moves bell-crank Q3,VV releasing the exl'iaust valve on chamber 2, col-lar on rod 27 engages pin {iti-011.1111.. 53, thus moving this link to the leftv and-,compressing sprmg 49. As valve ishutsi-before valveS the collar 14 engaging the sidelo'pawl 16' keeps rod 27 suftieiently toward the-left while valve 5 shuts.

'and5 then 'linke` 53 completes its movement capsing'pawi 511' to engage under collar 21,

* thuselockingfvalve and at" the same time releasing pawlf 52 from under collar 22. Either of' the" positions of link is rendered stable by spring 54, which tends to keep-f link 53 in its lowestposition. The spring 57 has-*a similar function to spring 58'. These' various movements are for thc purposel of bringing all the valve gear into the right position forstarting the new cycle asmentioned above;

4.In order tha-tf ignition may occur alternately in the two chambers, the movement of link- `53 may be utilized to operate a switch, so that when link 53 is to the right ignition plug 29 is in circuit, and when the link is tothe left ignition plug 30 is in circuit. Thel device which causes ignition when the compression pressure has attained itsmaximum may he of the type described in application No. 411,304.

vIn Fi'g. '9, I show relief valves 9G and 9T fitted int-o lthe top of the combustion chambers 1 and Zrelief valves which are loaded to. blow off at pressures exceeding the explosion pressure, :for the purpose of pre-V 'at the time when, combustion taking place Y.

in one chamber forces liquid into the other chamber and further compresses the elastic cushion therein to an extent influenced by the'kinetic energy ofthe liquid which moves unders the di erence of pressures. '.The

pressurethus attained inthe elastic cushionI may exceed the combustion pressures. l The blow-oft'.V from the" reliefvalve may pass either'. into the external atmosphere or ing ignition.

through ai closed pipe into the to other' chamber as shown; in the there are tworsuch pipesconnectin ether the tops of the chambers, and each relief valve acts ast a nonneturn vail-ve in its own pipe.` Therelief val-ves are of the ordina-ry type, and need no further description'.v

Fig. 2 shows the apparatus in a somewhat simplied form, resulting' from the omission of that part of the Valve gear which is controlled from the liquid supply valve 32' together with link 53 and pawls 51 and 52 shown on Figi 1, and the action of the apparatus with the simpliedL gearing will now be described.

As before, it is assumed thablthevalvcs vare rn the posit-ion shown and that ignition occ'ursin combustion chamber Q followed by expansion, the intake of ifiresh liquid through valve 32 to follow theliquid n1ovving" in the discharge pipe 4, and the intake of' a fresh combustible charge in chamber 1 through valyes 5 and 9.

V'Vhen the outwardly moving column of.

liquid cornes to rest and the'inward flow of liquid commences. liquid from the supply' tank 31 has risen in chamber 2 and valve 32 has shut. again. The inwardly moving` liquid now rises in chamber 2 Vexpelling the products of Vcombustion` through valve 8 which was released' by the opening of valve 5, by the action ofipin 43, bell crank 23and link Q7 as in the case of Fig. 1. On arriving at valves 8 andi() the liquid shuts-them by impact. Valve 8 is at once locked by pawl 1G, but in this construction there is no pawl to lock admission valve (i, consequently, when the products of combustion remaining'in the top of chamber 2 are compressed by the rising liquid a'ftfer valves 8 and10 fV are shut. andV then these products forming* the elastic cushion' expand imparting momentum to the liquid' so that it falls below the level corresponding with atmospheric pressure, combustible mixture is drawn into chamber 2 through valves (l and 10, both of these valves being opened by the suction. The opening of valve (S releases pawl 15 from under collar 13 on exhaust valve i". but as the inwardly flowing column of liquid is already compressing the combustible charge in chamber 1 valve? does notopen and whenvalve (3 shuts again, pawlvv lagain engages under collar 13 and the' inwardly' flowing lliquid no w rises in bo'tlrchambers until maximum compression has'becnl attained in chamber 1 anda fresh cycle is startedV by the sparking at 'plug' 30" producduced by 'combustion propels vthe liquid from chamber land causes further compression of the gaseous contents offfcha'mber'"2, and the energyl stored in b'thchambers is then utilized in the outward propulsion olt'liquid. .Vh'en expansion' has proceeded far enough The increased pressure pro-= lil 5 in. chamber 1 the quantity of combustible mixture to make up the required charge is drawn into chamber 2 through valve 6, and

' structed and operated the movement of valve 6 withdraws pawl 15 from under collar 13 and this time exhaust valve 7 falls. The inwardly moving column of liquid now drives out the products of combustion from chamber 1 and compresses the combustible charge in chamber 2, and a fresh cycle is started by the ignition of the chargev in chamber 2.

In order that ignition may occur alternately in the two chambers there is shown in Fig.. 2 a switch G0 .capable ot being turned into two positions by projections 61 and G2 attached to rods 2S and 27, adapted to engage against switch arms 64 and', scc Fig. 4. Details of the switch are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. tact pieces intwo pairs, 6T and 68 constituting one pair andGS) and the. other pair. These contact pieces of'conducting material are insulated from one another and are so spa-ced that the two pieces forming one pair may be bridged by a metal tongue 6G carried by switch arm G3 rotating about" pivot 71.

ln Fig. 4 where the parts are drawn in plan, the metal tongue 6G in a central position and does not malte electrical contact with any of the Contact pieces, but a small movement in either direction closes the circuit between 67 and 68 or between 69 and `70 thus determining which primary coil of the two ignition coils 91 or 92, see. Fig. 7, is to be energized `when the ignition device operates the switch which times the ignition.

Valves 9 and 10, which have been referred to in the forms of apparatus described. are not essential-to the working ot the apparatus but. they form a useful part of my invention when high cushioning pressures are their object being to prevent liquid ris u or splashing into the recess below the admission valve and wetting the sparking plus- Instead of two combustion chan'ibers placed side. by side with a single supply pipe as in Fig. 1, another arrangementrfis shown in plan in Fig. 5, in which ply pipe 3 branches into two ducts 3a and 3", one for each of the combustion chambers 1 and 2, and these duets are continued at 4a and 4b to again join into a common dis- `charge pipe 4. In Fig.

5 the ducts on the shaped at their juncdischarge Side are so tion thatliquid flowing in one ductl lenercises nn inductive action upon liquid flowingv in he other duct and viceversa. The .effect of this is to develop a suction at an earlier time in that chamber which is to receive a new combustible charge.

lVhen the valves and springs are so conthat expansion may be carried below atmospheric pressure, the supply tank may be placed at a somewhat lower There arev :fourspring con.

"the liquid suplevel than that shown in Fig. 2, but when fresh liquid is to be raised by .suction it is generally -preferableto use the automatic change over valve, and ysuch an arrangement will be described witlrreference to Figli in which 1 and 2 are thel combustion chambers and 133 is the valve which alternately closes communication between thefsupply pi and the discharge pipe 4. The action o the apparatus isunaltered 4so far-as the func-V tions of the combust-ion chambers are concerned, but if valve 133 is intlie position `shown by full lilies, while the pressure yr0- duced by combustion in one-of the cham ers is propelling liquid outwardly. along the discharge pipe, a degree of expansion of the burnt products is attained atwliich the pressures on'the two sides of valve 133 become equal and any further lowering of pressure in the chamber causes valve 133 to take up the dotted position, so closing communication between the chambers and the dischar e pipe. and owing to its kinetic energ tie moving columuot liquid in the disc arge pipe can draw liquid from a low level auxiliary supply tank through the auxiliary liquid supply valve 134. Liquid from the. supply tankl now passes through supply pipe 3 and rises in that chamber fromw ich the burnt products are vto be expelled. When, after the working stroke, ot liquid begins to move inwardly,`liquid supply valve. 134, shuts automatically and valve 133 is forced from the dotted position to the position shown in full lines, thus permitting the inwardlyl m'oving column of liquid on the discharge. side to expel the burnt products from onev chamber and compress the fresh combustible charge in the other Ichani'loer. v

When valve 1353 closes communication between the chambers and the discharge pipe, the/ liquid in the latter is' moving with considerable velocity, wlnle the liquid in pipe t-,l-lis at res-t and has to be accelerated to follow the liquid moving in the. discharge pipe. To prevent the formation of a vapuum, an subsequent shock. a small s] ningcontrolled valve 14B is fitted to admit air. and so provide'an, elastic cushion, this air being drawn in while the liquid in pipe 144js being ac` celerated. By adjusting the tension or the springon valve 143, the amount of air admitted can be controlled, or the amount of*- air admitted may be 'controlled by other eouivalent means. v

Auv of the liquid supply valves such as valve 3i, in Figs. 1, 2 and 5.or valve 133,or valve 134 inFi'g. 6,-may be held openv or retai-ded in the'closing bvV any suitable retarding means. 'In Fig. 10. l shown dash-pot ctmtrol for valve 39.. 'the rod 98 connected with valve 3Q- is provided with the piston 99 operatino` 'in the dash-pot cylinder 100,

which is" sued with on. The non-return a column y ils .method and apparatus described in my valves 101 in piston 99 allow the oil to pass iromthe undersidel to the upper side ofthe piston, thus' permitting thevalve 32 to open freely'. The' shut-ting otthe valve can only take place by forcing thloil from the upper side of the piston to the under side through the bj'f-p'as's controlled by the cockf103. By means of'lwhich the amountvof retarda- .tion of the valve in closing, can be lregulated. The greater the retardation, the higher the "elocity' of escape past-valve 32, before the valve closes, and th'ereforethe higher the pressure of compression. Another result may be that the liquid Which-leaves the supply tank 31 in Fig. 6 at each cycle is equal in quantity to the-liquid which renters the supply tank at each cycle, so that the whole of the liquid discharged may be equal in quantity to that supplied through the liquid supply valve 134.

It is obvious that certain features of copending application'No. 438,425, filed June 13, 1908, may be utilized in the present invention, for example, the increased velocity of the inwardly moving column may be utilized to expel a combustible charge which has failed to ignite, and bring about the introduction of another combustible charge at the expense of the energy of liquid which falls from a higher to a lower level, thus keeping the `cycle of operations going until a working stroke is obtained. This is specially useful when starting the apparatus to work.

A portion of the energy lof each charge may also be used to raise liquid into the apparatus or to introduce a fresh combustible charge ora constituent thereof. The fact that there are two combustion chambers instead of one does not alter the order in which the inwardly and outwardly flowing columns of liquid move, or the relation of such movements to the movement of liquid which enters the apparatus from the supply side.

lVhat I claim is 1. The method which consists in recipro eating liquid, one movement or outstroke of said liquid being due to the expansion of a combustible charge in one of a plurality of expansion chambers connected together, utilizing the kinetic energy of return stroke of the liquid to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress a fresh expansible charge in another chamber in the same cycle. y

2. The method which consists in reciprocating liquid, one movement or outstroke of said liquid being due t the expansion of a combustible charge in one of a plurality of expansion chambers connected together, utilizing the kinetic energy of return stroke of the liquid to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress a fresh expansible charge in another chamber in the same cytle, and utilizing the kineticenergy of an ou strokev to' introduce a fresh expansible cha rge.

3. vThe method which consists in recipropel burnt products from. another, lutilizing .l

the kinetic energy of the outstroke to cause a diminution of pressure toentrain a fresh y charge lnto one region of expansion.

4. The method which consists in reciprocating liquid, an outstroke due to the expansion of. a-combustible charge in one of a plurality of regions of expansion, utilizing the kinetic energy of the return stroke to compress afresh combustible charge in another region of expansion and to expel burnt products from the irst region of expansion, utilizing the kinetic energy of one outstroke to introduce part of a fresh combustible charge and ,utilizing the kinetic energy of another outstroke due to the expansion of an elastic cushion in one region of expansion to introduce the balance of th combustible charge.

5. The` method which consists in reciprocating liquid by expansible charges expanding alternately in different regions of expansions, utilizing the kinetic energy of the outstroke of the liquid to introduce fresh' charges and also fresh liquid and utilizingv the kinetic energy of the instroke of the liquid to compress a fresh combustible charge in one region of expansion and to expel burnt products from another region of expansion during the same cycle of operation. 6. The method which consists in recipro-l cating liquid, one movement of said reciprocation being an outstroke due to an expansive torce exerted in one of a plurality of regions of expansion, utilizing the kinetic energy of the outstroke, after communication between the moving liquid and the region of expansion is interrupted, for entrainingvfresh liquid. 7. The method which consists in reciprocating liquid, an outstroke being due to an expansive force exerted in one of a plurality of regions of expansion, utilizing the kinet-ic energy of a ret-urn flow to compress a fresh combustible charge in a second region of expansion and expel burnt products from the first region of expansion, allowing the liquid propelledt from one region of expansion to exert an inductive action on liquid communicating with the other region.

8. The method which consists in reciprocating liquid, an outstroke due to an expansive force-exerted in one of a plurality of y regions oit' expansions, utilizing the kinetic energy of the instroke of each cycle v'to compress an expansible charge in one region of expansion and to expel `burnt products from another-region of expansion, and permittmgthe liquid to run to Waste during the first part of the .instroke to increase the 1 kinetieenergy.

9. The method which consists in recipro-l eating liquid, the first" movement or outstrokel due to an expansive force exerted in one of a plurality of regions of expansion, utilizing the momentum of the instroke to compress alnfexpensible charge in one re- 'gig of expansion and to expel .burnt prod- 

